Signal conditioning

Most analog signals require some form of preparation before they can be digitized. Signal conditioning is the manipulation of a signal in a way that prepares it for the next stage of processing. Many applications involve environmental or structural measurement, such as temperature and vibration, from sensors. These sensors, in turn, require signal conditioning before a data acquisition device can effectively and accurately measure the signal.

An instrument called a signal conditioner is used to perform this process. This instrument converts one type of electrical or mechanical signal (input-signal) into another (output-signal). The purpose is to amplify and convert this signal into an easy to read and compatible form for data-acquisition or machine-control.

A signal conditioner helps to provide precise measurements, which are essential for accurate data acquisition and machine-control. These instruments can perform an additional number of different functions.

Signal conditioning needs vary in capabilities depending on your sensor. Different measurement types and sensor architectures have different signal conditioning requirements. For example, low-voltage analogue signals will typically need to be amplified and subsequently filtered to reduce background noise before digitization. Other sensors may need to be excited by an external voltage to measure mechanical changes as a function of varying electrical resistivity.